RESEARCH ARTICLE


Typological Damage Fragility Curves for Unreinforced Masonry Buildings affected by the 2009 L'Aquila, Italy Earthquake



Maria Zucconi1, *, Rachele Ferlito2, Luigi Sorrentino3
1 Department of Engineering, University Niccolò Cusano, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Roma, Italy
2 Seismic and Volcanic Risk Office, Civil Protection Department, Via Vitorchiano 4, 00189 Roma, Italy
3 Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, Sapienza – University of Rome, Via Antonio Gramsci 53, 00197 Roma, Italy


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Creative Commons License
© 2021 Zucconi et al.

open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

* Address correspondence to this author at Department of Engineering, University Niccolò Cusano, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Roma, Italy; E-mail: maria.zucconi@unicusano.it


Abstract

Background:

Seismic risk mitigation has become a crucial issue due to the great number of casualties and large economic losses registered after recent earthquakes. In particular, unreinforced masonry constructions built before modern seismic codes, common in Italy and in other seismic-prone areas, are characterized by great vulnerability. In order to implement mitigation policies, analytical tools are necessary to generate scenario simulations.

Methods:

Therefore, data collected during inspections after the 2009 L’Aquila, Italy earthquake are used to derive novel fragility functions. Compared to previous studies, data are interpreted accounting for the presence of buildings not inspected due to those being undamaged. An innovative building damage state is proposed and is based on the response of different structural elements recorded in the survey form: vertical structures, horizontal structures, stairs, roof, and partition walls. In the suggested formulation, the combination of their performance is weighted based on typical reparation techniques and on the relative size of the structural elements, estimated from a database of complete geometrical surveys developed specifically for this study. Moreover, the proposed building damage state estimates earthquake-related damage by removing the preexisting damage reported in the inspection form.

Results:

Lognormal fragility curves, in terms of building damage state grade as a function of typological classes and peak ground acceleration, derived maximizing their likelihood and their merits compared with previous studies are highlighted.

Conclusion:

The correction of the database to account for uninspected buildings delivers curves that are less “stiff” and reach the median for lower peak ground acceleration values. The building feature that influences most the fragility is the masonry quality.

Keywords: Damage state, Typological classes, Geometrical survey database, Simulation of uninspected buildings, Maximum likelihood estimation, Earthquake.